Hoa Lư Ancient Capital: Where Vietnam’s Imperial History Began
Hoa Lư Ancient Capital stands as a monumental testament to Vietnam’s glorious early history. It served as the political, economic, and cultural heart of Đại Cồ Việt (Great Việt) from 968 to 1010 AD. Today, the site is a captivating historical park, allowing visitors to explore two magnificent temples dedicated to the founders of the nation. This area is also part of the UNESCO World Heritage Tràng An Scenic Landscape Complex, blending history with dramatic natural beauty.
Address: Trường Yên, Hoa Lư District, Ninh Bình, Vietnam.
I. A History Forged in Mountains
The strategic importance of Hoa Lư cannot be overstated. King Đinh Tiên Hoàng (Đinh Bộ Lĩnh) chose this location due to its natural defenses—towering limestone mountains and the Hoàng Long River provided an almost impenetrable fortress.
Unification of Vietnam: In 968 AD, King Đinh Tiên Hoàng unified the country after defeating the “12 Warlords Rebellion,” establishing the Đinh Dynasty and making Hoa Lư the capital.
Dynastic Succession: The city remained the capital for 42 years, spanning the reigns of the Đinh and the Early Lê Dynasties. The capital moved to Thăng Long (modern-day Hanoi) in 1010 AD under King Lý Thái Tổ, turning Hoa Lư into the revered “ancient capital.”
II. Architectural Highlights: The Two Great Temples
While the original citadel structures no longer stand, two beautifully preserved temples honor the foundational kings. These temples display the unique wooden and stone carving artistry of the 17th century, built on the original palace foundations.
Temple of King Đinh Tiên Hoàng (Đền Vua Đinh): This temple is dedicated to the founder of the nation. It features intricate stone carvings of mythical creatures like dragons and lions, reflecting the royal court’s grandeur. You can see a statue of the King inside the main hall. Notably, this is the only temple in Vietnam that simultaneously worships the King, his parents, his sons, and the generals of the Đinh Dynasty.
Temple of King Lê Đại Hành (Đền Vua Lê): Located just 300 meters away, this temple honors King Lê Đại Hành (Lê Hoàn), the founder of the Early Lê Dynasty. It showcases different architectural characteristics while maintaining a solemn, spiritual atmosphere. You will find a statue of King Lê Đại Hành, his Queen Dương Vân Nga, and his son inside.
III. Visitor Information and Culture
Plan approximately two hours to fully explore both temples and the surrounding grounds.
Entrance Fee: Visitors must purchase an entrance ticket, which currently costs approximately 20,000 VND per person. This small fee grants access to both the Dinh and Le Temples.
Operating Hours: The site is open daily from 7:00 AM to 5:00 PM.
Cultural Tip: The most vibrant time to visit is during the annual Trường Yên Festival, held on the 10th day of the third lunar month, commemorating the two kings. This festival features traditional martial arts and ritual activities.
Getting Around: The site is compact enough to explore comfortably on foot. Many travelers reach Hoa Lư by combining it with a cycling trip from nearby areas like Tam Cốc, making for a delightful, scenic journey through the rice paddies.
